Pragmatism and Keynesian Theory

Introduction Pragmatism is a type of philosophical tradition which was first developed in the United States during the early 1870s. It is centered to link theory and practice. It reflects a situation in which theory is hauled out from practice, to be applied back and thereby forming what is known as intelligent practice (Dye, 2010). Pragmatism has continually been applied by various individuals including entrepreneurs.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pragmatism and Keynesian Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How Entrepreneurial Policy Makers Incorporate Pragmatism Practices in Public Policy Research Different entrepreneurs have made research and realized that, employee voice is less effective in any employment relationship. This is due to the fact that there are changes in nature of work, preferences of employer for flexibility which normally work to the disadvantage of the employees and finally th e changes in institutional systems and policies which have failed to offer worker’s protection. Entrepreneurs have therefore found it important to apply pragmatism in public policy research so as to come up with a concrete and wholesome entrepreneurial policy that will protect both the workers and the employer. Policies have thus been made with attention to issues of authority, ensuring equity for all entrepreneurs and ensuring fairness through building of partnerships (Poul, 2011). How Pragmatism Practices Have Changed In the Last Twenty Years Due to the changes in employment relationship in the last twenty years, so does pragmatism. Work increasingly has become globalized with increase in education returns and competition between those with low levels and those with high levels of education. Pragmatism practices have also changed to cater for this by being; rigid to discourage negotiations by employees, increment of wages for various occupations. There has also been an incr ease in employment creation so as to maintain value for markets, private security expansion and slight increase in rights for the workers. Pros and Cons Associated With Keynesian Theory Keynesian theory is very helpful in times of recession; for example, the stimulus spending which is aimed at improving some aspects like employment for example, giving businesses a lot of money so that they can hire more workers and in turn pay them, this will help in ensuring money circulation. However, looking at it in great depth, one realizes few of its pitfalls. First, it is very difficult to convince people not to save.Advertising Looking for research paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Excessive saving has been one of the key causes of economic recession (Alistair Smith, 2007). This can only be eradicated if prices of commodities go up, individuals will then be forced to use their reserves so as to cater for the increme nt, and it makes the situation even tougher. Excessive spending by the government may also have long term negative effects. The government may become broke and thus forced to raise taxes in order to raise revenues, this works to the disadvantage of the citizens. How Policy Makers Can Improve Upon the Theory Policy makers must understand the impacts of increased spending, debt incurring and lowering of taxes. If there are no good policies in place to regulate the economies spending, the process will continue recurring and the problem will not have been solved. Policy makers should therefore come up with standardized amount of money to be released in circulation so as to avoid economic recession. There should also be strong measures in place to maintain the currency value over a long period of time. There should be enough money set aside for economic stimulus program aimed at boosting employment. Policies should also be made which limit government interference to the market. The marke t will run at its optimum without any form of interference. References Alistair, H. Smith, J. (2007). Transformations of Policing. Boston: Ashgate Publishers, Dye, T.R. (2010). Understanding Public Policy. Oxford: Pearson Prentice Hall. Poul, D. (2011). Post Keynesian Macroeconomic Theory. New York, NY: Edward Elgar Publishers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pragmatism and Keynesian Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on Pragmatism and Keynesian Theory was written and submitted by user Jorge Winters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Correct area Essays

Correct area Essays Correct area Essay Correct area Essay My strengths are as an opening bowler is speed, power, and accuracy. These come as package as a pace opening bowler. Speed and power are my main ingredients to success with wickets. Accuracy with line and length is also up there. Pitching the ball on off stump is my target every ball with swing or no swing. I do achieve this target more times than not. So this makes me an accurate bowler. Also I believe I have a good follow through with the jump before the release of the ball. I feel this is my best part as a fast bowler. My jump and release of the ball is excellent. My jump and the releasing the ball are very fast and swift. The swiftness is picked up from the momentum from the run up. My fluent jump adds to the line and length and power of my deliveries. I have a very strong run up, which builds up my force to the delivery. At the very beginning of my run up I have my target, which is off stump. I keep this target in mind and vision. This can be hard when jumping but having a straight head improves the chances of achieving my target. This is also brings out the best follow through after the ball has released. I am alert for any shots played back at me for a caught and bowled wicket. Strength of mine is that I am quite an aggressive bowler, with my speed I hope to baffle my opponent. The aggression is built up with my commanding run up and the speed of the ball bowled. The power generated with my right arm is what I hope to beat the batsmen with. This is what I think is the sting in my attack. The type of bowling that best suits me is straight bowling. I can bowl full and short but more times than not it is a good length. Analyse and identify in detail the weaknesses of the player/ competitor/ participant or self.  My weaknesses are as a fast opening bowler that I am not consistent with my bowling, especially to do with length of the ball. Improving on consistency will make me a much better and effective opening bowler. Consistency leads to improved confidence, accurate bowling, success in wickets, maiden overs, and enhanced line and length. A good line and length is the line is the direction of the ball in accordance to the batsmans stumps, while the length is the area of the pitch where the ball bounces. Bowling consistently around this area will increase my chances of taking a wicket. My line will also depend on whether the ball is swinging in the air or seaming off the pitch. Most batsmen like the ball wide outside off stump or on or around leg stump, so I should avoid bowling in those areas too much. These are the consequences of not bowling a good length. The length of the ball will determine whether the batsman will play on the front or back foot. Length depends on the type of bowler; as I am a fast bowler, I should tend to aim for a shorter length to utilise pace and bounce. However, this is an area of weakness, because I tend to pitch more of a full length. The ideal length for a bowler is one where the batsman is unsure whether to play forward or back. Also I believe another of my weaknesses is to be more accurate with the pitch of my ball with the new ball. I find it hard to control the new ball. The swing is too much for me so my deliveries are a little wayward. The movement of the new ball is what I need to improve on. Also at the end of the innings I can sometimes under perform in pressure, especially if it is going to decide the outcome of the game This does lead to a couple of wides and therefore extras. Another weakness is that I have no variation in my bowling. Variation in my opening as an opening bowler is ideal. The batsmen will get easily familiar to my bowling and therefore get easy runs from me. I can vary with my bowling with the slower ball, off cutter and the odd yorker. This will come with more confidence and ability to bowl it accurately. A final weakness of mine is bowling to left handers. I find it hard to change the line and length to the left handed batsmen, this leads to me giving more extras away. Comparing to a perfect model can be one of my weaknesses. I do not have a perfect model. Having a perfect model does lead to more confidence and determination to be like him and to have success just as he has on the pitch. Suggest what training/ practice methods might be used to improve performance. Outline a six week training/practice programme that will be used to improve performance  There are different types of bowling, fast, swing, seam, spin, and within these categories there are different types again; for example, off spin or away swing. For my six weeks of training Im going to look at fast bowling. Fast bowling means that the bowler is trying his best to unsettle the batsmen with his speed. There are various different skills that make the finished action of bowling and in each one we are looking for specific things. Week 1 In week 1 I am going to concentrate my training on the run- up of my bowling. This is a vital area to perfect because this is the bases of the performers delivery. A strong and fast run up is highly effective to the bowler because the run up allows the bowler to build up the momentum and speed for the delivery. Also the posture of the run up for a fast bowler is key because this gives a slight indication to the batsmen on what type of delivery is expected. This technique is vital because The way in which I am going to train my run up is to do short sprint tests to improve my speed over a short distance. The Bleep Test is crucial here because this enables me to improve on the specific area I need; speed. Speed is hugely important because a very speedy run up allows the maximum output of power and therefore more speed of the delivery which is more likely to give difficulty to the batsmen 90% of the time this is correct however sometimes the rhythm is lost. Occasionally I step out and back in the run up, making a slight curve. This throws off the balance and creates an awkward bouncy run. These are the results of my bowling after 3 overs in week 1, concentrating on my run up only. The thick red line and length, is a perfect line for a right hand batsmen. The dot is the perfect pitch of the ball and the thin red line should follow the direction of the ball after pitched; as it seems outwards.  This is weeks 1s results; I have bowled 3 overs (18 balls) and achieved these results. As you can see, I am not pitching the ball in the correct area/circle. You can also see that at least 44% (8 out of 18) of my deliveries are over pitched or even prove to be a full toss. This can prove to be easy runs for the batsmen. Also, from the results you can see that 30% (6 out of 18) of my deliveries were either short or wide of length. The black cross shows that that was my best ball, the ball which troubled the batsmen the most and was closest to the perfect line and length. In week 2 I am going to concentrate my training on the coil position of my bowling. The coil is the position that the bowler holds after the jump and where his body in the air just before to load. The coil offers the great accuracy on line and length, as this is the stage is where you aim your delivery.  The way in which I am going to train coil motion is to concentrating on the load, do walk through for a full session. Run up should not consist of more than a couple of paces. To start with the action should be slowly walked through, though it can then be developed to a very slow jog. Repeating this motion will gradually build a common rhythm, so that I get used to it and therefore perform it as a learned skill.

The Cask of Amontillado Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Cask of Amontillado - Research Paper Example The story is about a love – hate relationship. In the story, the narrator is trying to portray the psychological complexities of these opposite emotion, emphasizing the way they enigmatically blend into each other. The story is about revenge, insult and death. Montresor loves himself and he cannot stand the insult by Fortunado; the self-love led Montresor to attempt murder. The death is ironic in the story as it is brought about by much desirable wine â€Å"Amontillado†. The wine enabled Montreso to entice Fortunado into death. Montreso persuades Fortunado into the dark recesses of the family catacombs and promises to offer a delicate wine. Here, the desire of wine led to the death of Fortunado.The title â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† of the story by Edgar Allan Poe has foreshadowing metaphor. The title of this grim story has an unusual ring to it. This is a strange title which we have not heard before. What does â€Å"Amontillado† literally mean? Actu ally, Amantillado is an alcoholic beverage something similar to Sherry. Only when people read the story they realize that it is a Spanish wine. Cask, by the way, is barrels in which wines are stored traditionally. Cask comes in many sizes. In the story, Montreso tells Fortunato, he has a â€Å"pipe of what passes for Amontillado†. In this context, â€Å"cask† also means â€Å"casket†. In the story, the Fortunado seeking a â€Å"cask of Amontillado† finds a â€Å"casket of death†.

Literary Analysis of a text within a particular context Essay

Literary Analysis of a text within a particular context - Essay Example In a sense, her dominance over the male characters can be considered as her fantasy -of being free and to act freely- that continually shrinks due to the male expectation of loyalty from a wife. Hedda comes from a higher socioeconomic class. But her husband is much lower than her class and still depends on Aunt Julie for financial support. This sense of superiority provokes her internally to demand an equal play in the family that is obviously more than what male notion of a woman’s loyalty allows. In this regard, Hedenskooq comments, â€Å"In Hedda, we find a woman who is strong, brazen, and independent, yet is determined to live her life through the context of the society around her. She is a woman caught in a vicious cycle of expectation and disappointment.† (325) One of Ibsen’s motivations to juxtapose the husband-band wife patriarchal structure of modern family system is to show his readers how money matters in women’s loyalty to husband and how a woman reacts to this juxtaposition. What the society considers as women’s happiness, namely the material happiness in her husband’s house is merely emotional death by materialism. Also women continually go on to sacrifice their own share of equal play, to fulfill the male expectation, under the disguise of the social ideology of â€Å"loyalty of a wife†. Since in Jurgen Tessman’s household, the financial happiness is evidently not present, the crust of loyalty has simply melted down and Hedda seems to seek more of dominance or at least of an equal play than being subservient to him. Again as male dominated society will still not allow her to play an equal share, she exerts dominance on others in Jurgen Tessman’s family. Hedda was not willing to marr y Tessman since he is economically depended on his Aunt Julie and since he is a member of a social that is lower than Hedda’s. But for some reasons she was forced to marry him. Indeed Hedda is the product of patriarchal society. In it, she

IPad's Security Breach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IPad's Security Breach - Essay Example Subsequent to this breach of AT&T’s security, a lot of security issues have since arisen for the firm and other computer security firms. In addition, many interested parties have questioned the justification of hacking activities as well as the role of ethical statements and policies of computer security firms, which promote activities such as website hacking. This paper explores the subjects of the possibility of the justification of hacking, computer security firms’ ethics that promote hacking, and the social responsibilities of media firms such as Gawkers Media LLC. Justification of Hacking into Websites Most hackers state that they hack into websites not as criminals but as interested parties seeking to identify flaws in computer systems or reveal certain information. By hacking, they claim, it becomes possible for computer security firms to prevent or rectify any damaging security leaks. However, due to the side effects of hacking and the damages it causes to compu ter firms’ images and business, questions have a risen on the issue of justification for hacking and activities. While others insist that hacking can never be justifiable, others believe it is a justifiable practice, depending on the reasons for which it is done (Harper’s Forum, 1999). ... peoples’ data worldwide, hackers believe they compel these companies to ensure that they have tamperproof systems that keep their clients’ data confidential. Therefore, hackers are watchdog for the public on the security weaknesses of technology firms. Hacking is thus justifiable since it addresses the vulnerabilities inherent in technology products that expose clients’ confidential information (Harper’s Forum, 1999). Hacking could also be justifiable if its exposes illegal political activities by discredited groups. In addition, hacking may be justified if it reveals certain publicly important information, which the public is denied by governments, organizations, or politicians. Importantly, hackers reveal malpractices and criminal activities that may be happening without the knowledge of the public and the law enforcement agencies. That is, when a hacker discovers the criminal operations of certain individuals or organizations and such reports are sent t o law enforcers, that hacking is certainly justified since it benefits the society and does not harm the public or any private person in any way (Harper’s Forum, 1999). Various factors have been found to promote hacking activities. Among these factors are the various ethical statements by computer security firms. Corporate Ethics Statement That Promote Hacking The ethical issue regarding the freedom to access information is perhaps the number one motivator of hackers to indulge in their activities. In fact, the ethic on which hackers justify their actions is that they investigate issues, allowing every individual in the society to gain information and knowledge on the various hidden issues affecting their lives (Ermann, 1997). Once a corporate computer firm issues ethical statements that emphasize the

The Garden City Movement: Development and Impacts

The Garden City Movement: Development and Impacts THE GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT The Garden City Movement was invented by Sir Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) (Couch, 2014). It was first described in his book Garden Cities of To-morrow, published in 1902 (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). The Garden City Model introduced the application of some basic planning principles which are still in use today. It consists of self-sufficient communities surrounded by greenbelts with planned proportionate areas in agriculture, housing, commerce and industry (Audiopedia, 2014). This essay discusses the creation and development of the theoretical and planning principles of the Garden City Model and its success in solving economic and social problems of densely populated cities in UK. It also discusses the modification of these principles and their applications in modern planning theories. The search for an ideal city was due to the intense industrialization and resulting urbanization of major UK cities about the late 19th century. There were many social, economic and commercial activities in large cities, thereby causing high levels of migration from less developed regions in the UK towards these cities. This excessive immigration resulted in issues like; overpopulation, housing shortage, high rents, air pollution, urban slums and lack of sunlight and open spaces (Howard, 1902). According to (Fishman, 1982), Howard perceived the economy to be corrupt, inhumane, inefficient and unhealthy(see Fig 1,2). Fig. 1 Hine (1912) Fig. 2 Industrial Cities (n.d.) Analyzing the issues developed by the rapid urbanization, Howard noticed a contrasting phenomenon in the  countryside. The countryside suffered from; depopulation, lack of amusement, lack of society, capital and labour. The town had all that the country was lacking and vice-versa. Howard then sort to combine the best aspects of  the town and the country in formation of the garden city (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). Fig. 3 The Three Magnets. (1902) Redefining the town and countryside as magnets, the people as needles, and man’s socio-economic desires  as attraction, Howard realized the theory of The Three Magnets, introducing the third alternative; the Town-Country Magnet (Howard, 1902).The Town- Country offers; high wages, social opportunities, and places of amusements, healthy living conditions, low rents, and large parks (Howard, 1902). Howard believed that the Town-Country would enhance the enjoyment of human society and the beauty of nature simultaneously (Fishman, 1982). In order to achieve the socio-economic aspects of the Town-Country, the ideal city would run by communal land ownership, whereby, the rent would be the main source of revenue, employed by municipality(governing body) in the creation and maintenance of public amenities, old age pensions, and accident insurance (Howard, 1902). The Garden City was to be built from scratch on agricultural land, which had low ecological value, thereby increasing the value of the land, so that it could generate significant revenue through rent for municipality (Howard, 1902). Fig. 4 Garden-City. (1902). Fig. 5 Ward and Centre Garden-City. (1902). The spatial plan of a sector of the city Although the Garden City Model is very descriptive, it is not a morphological but rather socio-economic illustration of principles (Butcher, 2010). Planned in a concentric pattern, with six radial boulevards, on a site of 6000 acres, the Garden City would have a population of 32,000 people (Audiopedia, 2014). In the centre of the city lies a public garden, surrounded by the public buildings which includes; hospital, library, museum, picture-gallery, town hall, concert hall and theatre (John, 2014). The succeeding space is the central park for recreational activities. These large parks are more of country features, but they perform much better in the town-country because of the increment in population. Beyond the central park is the crystal palace a circular glass arcade, for commercial activities (John, 2014). Placement of the crystal palace beside the central park shows Howard’s intentions of connecting human activities with nature. Before the invention of Howard’s pri nciples, commercial zones in the cities rarely had parks and open spaces, because of the high value of land. It is now a common planning practice today to have open spaces in commercial areas. Beyond the crystal palace are houses with tree lined streets, additional parks occupied by public schools, playgrounds and churches (John, 2014). On the outskirts of the city are industries with direct access to the railway, saving cost of packaging and cartage and transportation of goods from the train to and fro factories (John, 2014). The rest of town beyond the railway is utilized as agricultural land held by various individuals and organizations and also providing alternative farm job opportunities to the working class without separating them from the city (Howard, 1902). This agricultural land also serves as a barrier to urban sprawl, as it cannot be built on. As shown in Figure 6, the use of green belts to control urban sprawl is still evident in UK cities today. Fig. 7 Group of Slumless Smokeless Cities. (1902). Considering the fact that town country community is bound to reach its population capacity due to its socio-economic advantages, Howard envisioned as series of garden cities, separated by green belts and connected by roads and railways, with the central city having a population of 58000 (see Fig.7). The introduction of these series also controls the excessive migration to cities with more attractions. Fig. 8Letchworth-1925 Poster. (n.d.) Fig. 9 Original plan of first Garden City, Letchworth 1904. (n.d.) Howards Garden city model was directly experimented on two towns; Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City. Letchworth was the first Garden City ever built (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). It lies on a train line, 35 miles from London, located in Herdfordshire, England, and it covers an area of 5,500 acres, which used to serve as agricultural land with little or no value (Ebenezer Howard, 2014). Although Letchworth was not designed in a regular concentric pattern, it follows the zoning principles of the Garden City Model. In other to build Letchworth, Howard needed funding, but he did not get any financial support from the government. I suppose it was because the development of his ideal city had no positive effect on the pre-existing cities, which have been invested heavily upon. The idea of destroying or ignoring pre-existing cities to rebuilt perfect ones was also the basis of many other revolutionists in solving the industrial crisis. This approach displays the lack of consideration of the fina ncial requirements in the realization of ideal cities. According to Audiopedia (2014), Howard got financial support only from private investors who were concerned with their personal profits, rather than the communal growth of Letchworth City. As a result, Howard forwent the idea of communal land ownership with no landlords (Audiopedia, 2014). Fig. 9 Aerial photo of Letchworth Garden City (n.d.) Fig. 10 Howard Park (n.d.) Fig. 11 Broadway Gardens (n.d.) Letchworth was environmentally successful, with lots of open spaces and public parks healthy living conditions and beautiful tree-lined streets, most of which remain today (Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, 2014). The city attracted firms because of the cheap rent and surplus space, resulting from its earlier use as agricultural land. It also attracted residents, as the living conditions were favorable. Due to the fact that the implementation of communal land ownership was ignored, the rents were not cheap, they could only be afforded by skilled white collar workers (Audiopedia, 2014). Letchworth failed partially as an independent community because of the improved transportation system which made it easier to connect to London. Welwyn, the second Garden City, 20 miles from London, performed just as well as Letchworth, but it lacked public, commercial and industrial buildings, which caused it to depend heavily on London for socio-economic activities. Due to the physical success of Letchworth, the principles of the Garden city were applied to various developments worldwide and in most cases it has been misconceived as the development of suburbs. The New Towns Act 1946, implement by the government after World War II. was inspired by the Garden City Movement (Audiopedia, 2014). The Act, involved the designation of land for the development of garden suburbs in U.K (New Towns Act 1946, 2014). The development of ne towns meant the suburbanization of cities, which was the antithesis to Howard’s theory (Audiopedia, 2014). Despite it’s contradiction Howard thoery, the New towns succeeded in offering healthy living conditions, and maintaining the population density, but they were not economically independent. Fig. 12 Uxcester Garden City. (2014) Fig – new suburbs in blue, pre-existing city in grey. Recently, the Uxcester Garden City; an imaginary city, inspired by the Garden City Model, was announced the winner of the 2014 Wolfsons Economic prize (Sweet, 2014). It was initiated as a solution to the current U.K housing shortage crisis. It is a combination of the planning principles of the Garden City and the suburbanization scheme of the New Towns. Unlike, the Garden City, it is not built from scratch, but rather gradually incorporated into pre-existing cities. The scheme involves the development of residential communities on agricultural green belts, which are presently considered to have low ecological value (Sweet, 2014). Fig. 13 Uxcester Garden City. (2014). Organic representation of Uxcester. Each community is planned to have half it’s area designated to; forests, public parks and lakes (Sweet, 2014). These new residential communities would require reliable transportation systems, linking them to the city centre, which provides the most social activities. On the other hand, the new suburbs will revitalize the city centre by channeling new demand for what is on offer there (Sweet, 2014). Although the scheme involves suburbanization of cities, it observes the Garden City objectives, which includes the provision of healthy living conditions to ordinary people and socio-economic independence. The Garden City Model inspired the New Towns Act and Uxcester Garden City. It has had a major effect on town planning, which has a direct effect on human behavior. Howard’s principles have recently been adopted in the development of Uxcester Garden City scheme for solving housing shortage problem U.K is facing today. Although the effect Uxcester will have on U.K. housing has not been decided, I think the further development of suburbs would either increase the lack of job opportunities or increase the volume of commercial buildings in the city centre. It will then be up to architects to ensure healthy working conditions in these city centres. References Aerial photo of Letchworth Garden City. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Audiopedia . (2014).Garden city movement. [Online Video]. 13 November. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_MacpHZ-Bk. [Accessed: 03 January 2015]. Broadway Gardens. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Butcher, L., 2010. ARCHITECTURE + URBANISM. [ONLINE] Available at: http://architectureandurbanism.blogspot.co.uk/2010/10/ebenezer-howard-garden-cities-of-to.html [Accessed 03 01 2015]. Couch, A. (2014) Arch 221 Urban Studies Week 4 Lecture: Note taking skills from lectures and readings, Liverpool: School of Architecture. Fishman, R., 1982. Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Garden-City. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 1 Jan. 2015]. Group of Slumless Smokeless Cities. (1902). [image] Available at: https://socialethicsoundideasandfreedom.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/garden-city.png [Accessed 3 Jan. 2015]. Hawkes, J. (n.d.).Houses, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire. [image] Available at: http://stock.jasonhawkes.com/media/8d181e48-3248-11e1-900f-1127b07b6f75-houses-welwyn-garden-city-hertfordshire [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Hine, L. (1912).New York: Tenements. [image] Available at: http://www.allposters.com/-sp/New-York-Tenements-1912-Posters_i8677584_.htm [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Howard, E., 1902. Garden Cities of To-morrow. [ONLINE] Second Edition ed. s.l.: Sonnenschein Co., Ltd. Available at: https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/howard/ebenezer/garden_cities_of_to-morrow/complete.html#chapter7. [Accessed 01 January 2015]. Howard Park. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/news-and-blog/media-enquiries [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Industrial Cities. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://johnsonschneider.weebly.com/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. John W. Reps,. 2014.Garden Cities Of Tomorrow. [ONLINE] Available at: http://urbanplanning.library.cornell.edu/DOCS/howard.htm [Accessed 02 January 15]. Letchworth-1925 Poster. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/11/11.001j/f01/lectureimages/6/image31.html [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Letchworth Garden City Heritage Foundation, (2014).Letchworth Garden City. [online] Available at: http://www.letchworth.com/heritage-foundation/letchworth-garden-city/quick-facts [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Louis de Soissons, Welwyn Garden City town plan. (1921). [image] Available at: http://cashewnut.me.uk/WGCbooks/web-WGC-books-1975-1.php [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Sdoutz, F. (2015).à ¢- ± GARDEN CITIES Howard, Unwin Parker, Lutyens, de Soissons Links. [online] ARCHITECTURETHEORY.NET. Available at: http://www.mediaarchitecture.at/architekturtheorie/garden_cities/2011_garden_cities_links_en.shtml [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Lucey, N. (1973).The Effect of Sir Ebenezer Howard and the Garden City Movement on Twentieth Century Town Planning. 1st ed. [ebook] Hertfordshire: Norman Lucey. Available at: http://www.rickmansworthherts.freeserve.co.uk/howard1.htm#snd [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. New Towns Act 1946. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Towns_Act_1946oldid=621188191 [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Sdoutz, F. (2015).à ¢- ± GARDEN CITIES Howard, Unwin Parker, Lutyens, de Soissons Links. [online] ARCHITECTURETHEORY.NET. Available at: http://www.mediaarchitecture.at/architekturtheorie/garden_cities/2011_garden_cities_links_en.shtml [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Sweet, R. (2014). Welcome to Uxcester, the imaginary city that has British planners in a flap. Global Construction Review. [online] Available at: http://www.globalconreview.com/sectors/welcome-uxcester-imaginary-city-has36392725british/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. The Three Magnets. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 1 Jan. 2015]. U.K. Green Belts. (2014). [image] Available at: http://www.estatesgazette.com/blogs/london-residential-research/2014/02/green-belt-fit-21st-century/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Uxcester Garden City. (2014). [image] Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/545656/urbed-s-bold-proposal-to-reinvigorate-the-garden-city-movement/ [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Original plan of first Garden City, Letchworth 1904. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://lunaprod.library.cornell.edu/images/RMC/Size4/RMC0129/RMC2011_0602.jpg?userid=10username=administratorresolution=4servertype=JVAcid=10iid=CORNELLvcid=NAusergroup=Facultyprofileid=2 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Ward and Centre Garden-City. (1902). [image] Available at: http://longstreet.typepad.com/thesciencebookstore/2008/09/history-of-the.html [Accessed 2 Jan. 2015]. Ebenezer Howard. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Howard [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Welwyn Garden City. (2014).Wikipedia. [online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwyn_Garden_City [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015].

What a Society Prepares Itself For :: Personal Narrative Racing Death Papers

What a Society Prepares Itself For I'm from Texas. And when I lived in Texas, which was before I lived in New York, my friends were Texans. I don't mean to say they were the all-got-up-in cowboy hats, tight jeans, bit belt buckles, and snakeskin boots kind of Texans a lot of people tend to think about. But I do mean to say they were the beer drinking, football playing, pick-up driving, bar brawling kind of good 'ol Texas boys that don't really exist anywhere else but where I spent the first eighteen years of my life. And, although you might never be able to tell from my long hair, baggy pants, lack of shoes, and the random book I'm usually reading, I was one of them. We'd go to Mexico on school breaks and hop keg parties on the weekend. And on one Saturday night, I went and watched some drag races with my friends at this little speedway in a town called Ennis, which is outside of Dallas. We drove out in two trucks, the seven of us, drinking beer on the way. When we got there it wasn't quite as nice a place as the Texa s Motor Speedway (I've been to the Texas Motor Speedway also, you see), or the Indianapolis Speedway, but it is a similar atmosphere. It was dusty, loud, and smelled like tire rubber and motor oil. A majority of the crowd seemed to be either drinking beer, betting on the races, or both. But it wasn't just an "overweight, sweaty, wasted, smelling-of-beer-and-marijuana, American, middle-aged man" gala weekend attraction either. There were plenty of hard working middle class men (mostly men) that had nice houses in the suburbs of Dallas who worked hard all week long, maybe even owned their own business, with their kids going to college at Texas A&M, or Texas Tech, or the University of Texas, or maybe even Rice. And as the night went on, I began to notice something. The first thing was that my friends knew a hell of a lot about racecars. That was odd because nine out of ten of my friends barely went to school half the time, much less studied, and yet they knew the intricate details of the speed, weight, torque, and horsepower of the cars. My second observation, more subtle yet more striking than my first, was that ever yone was getting along impeccably. What a Society Prepares Itself For :: Personal Narrative Racing Death Papers What a Society Prepares Itself For I'm from Texas. And when I lived in Texas, which was before I lived in New York, my friends were Texans. I don't mean to say they were the all-got-up-in cowboy hats, tight jeans, bit belt buckles, and snakeskin boots kind of Texans a lot of people tend to think about. But I do mean to say they were the beer drinking, football playing, pick-up driving, bar brawling kind of good 'ol Texas boys that don't really exist anywhere else but where I spent the first eighteen years of my life. And, although you might never be able to tell from my long hair, baggy pants, lack of shoes, and the random book I'm usually reading, I was one of them. We'd go to Mexico on school breaks and hop keg parties on the weekend. And on one Saturday night, I went and watched some drag races with my friends at this little speedway in a town called Ennis, which is outside of Dallas. We drove out in two trucks, the seven of us, drinking beer on the way. When we got there it wasn't quite as nice a place as the Texa s Motor Speedway (I've been to the Texas Motor Speedway also, you see), or the Indianapolis Speedway, but it is a similar atmosphere. It was dusty, loud, and smelled like tire rubber and motor oil. A majority of the crowd seemed to be either drinking beer, betting on the races, or both. But it wasn't just an "overweight, sweaty, wasted, smelling-of-beer-and-marijuana, American, middle-aged man" gala weekend attraction either. There were plenty of hard working middle class men (mostly men) that had nice houses in the suburbs of Dallas who worked hard all week long, maybe even owned their own business, with their kids going to college at Texas A&M, or Texas Tech, or the University of Texas, or maybe even Rice. And as the night went on, I began to notice something. The first thing was that my friends knew a hell of a lot about racecars. That was odd because nine out of ten of my friends barely went to school half the time, much less studied, and yet they knew the intricate details of the speed, weight, torque, and horsepower of the cars. My second observation, more subtle yet more striking than my first, was that ever yone was getting along impeccably.

How Different Transitions Affect Child Development

Unit 331 5. 1&5. 2 Explain the different types of transitions can affect children’s development and evaluate the effectiveness of positive relationships during periods of transitions. Transitions are the movement or changes from one position, stage or state to another. These changes can be gradual or sudden, and last for differing periods of time. Transitions can be stressful for young people and this stress can have far reaching effects on children’s emotional wellbeing and academic achievement.Children face many different transitions in their young lives. One of the main transitions is changing schools. This may make them feel anxious and nervous, they may be apprehensive about what their new school is going to be like. They may be sad because they are leaving their friends and familiar security of their previous school. They may experience a sense of loss and even bereavement about losing their friends. The child’s behaviour may change; they may become withdra wn or display extroverted behaviour.The child may show regression academically and communicatively. They may become ill, this maybe a genuine stress related illness or a pretend illness that will delay the change that is upsetting them. Younger children may become clingy and display behaviour of a younger child because they feel vulnerable. Older children may have sleepless nights or nightmares; they may develop mood swings and become grumpy and irritable. They may experience loss of appetite or binge to find comfort. In extreme cases children may self-harm or even think about suicide.These effects of these transitions would impede development emotional, physically, socially and cognitively. Puberty is another transition that all children will experience. The way a child behaves is entirely due to hormones. Puberty is a time of great change. Physically, the body changes and begins to turn into a more adult like body. Puberty and hormones also effects things like friendship, attitude s to others (of both sexes) and to parents change quite dramatically. It can make a child moody, bad-tempered, loose their concentration and tired.The teenager can become self-conscious and worried about the changes that are happening to his body, this could affect all areas of development. There are other transitions that can affect the child such as moving house, moving schools, divorce, and an introduction of a new partner by a parent. This stress can affect the child emotionally, physically, physiologically and intellectually. The child may become physically unwell, their school work may suffer, and they may feel worried, confused and depressed. Children need to have positive relationships during these periods of transition.This could be a parent, teacher or a peer. The child will need someone that they can trust and rely on, someone who they can talk through their fears and concerns with. A positive relationship is essential to help the child cope through transition; someone wh o is there for them and provides support, both practically and emotionally. The psychoanalyst John Bowlby developed the attachment theory which he states that a child needs a supportive, dependable secure relationship with their care giver. This positive relationship helps the child develop and cope with the stresses of the many transitions that they face.Children with the back-up of strong attachments and positive relationships during transitions will be able to cope more efficiently, be more resilient and maintain their self-esteem. If they feel valued and respected their academic, social and emotional development will continue. They will have the self-esteem and self-confidence to explore and embrace the transitions. They will be able to make new relationships and cope with the new situations. If a child experiences successful transitions in early life it will make it easier to cope with subsequent transitions in the future.

Race and Religious Rights in America †Sociology Paper

Race and Religious Rights in America – Sociology Paper Free Online Research Papers Race and Religious Rights in America Sociology Paper The long history of the rights of people of color is reflected in their choice of tactics in all of their campaigns. Activists organizing against religious rights attacks must come to understand how racism and sex oppression are connected in their strategy. This is especially important because the struggle to overcome race-based discrimination provides the legal and ideological foundation for liberation of the struggle and for the larger movement to realize the promise of full civil equality for all people. Any attempt to undermine the civil rights gains made by African Americans and other people of color will undermine the ability of all groups to achieve civil equality. In the history of U.S. racism the struggle for multi-racial democracy in the US is a fight against both interpersonal and institutional forms of discrimination that have deep roots in slavery. Racism in the US, as experienced by all people of color, is largely based on the justification for an institutionalization of slavery. Despite the abolition of slavery and the contributions of African Americans to the establishment of a more democratic society during reconstruction, its legacy persisted both on an interpersonal and institutional level into the 1960s. The historical effects of slavery continue even now to be critical of American social, cultural, political, and economic life. Religion Prior to slavery, Native Americans, Africans, Latinos, and Asians were regarded as subhuman based on their religious beliefs. To white Americans and Europeans, the worlds people existed in two categories: Christian and non-Christian. The human worth of any individual was defined according to their relationship to a Christian god. The problem this presented to slaveholders and to those involved in the project of destroying Native American nations is that the nature of Christianity allowed for people of color to find religion. The civil rights movement continued because of the struggle against race-based discrimination. This is rooted in the struggle against slavery and their fight for religious freedom. In the 1960s African Americans led a fight to remove the remainder of slavery from our constitution and from state and local laws. The most horrible among these were Jim Crow laws that required racial segregation. Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow laws in U.S. history begin in the 1880s when segregation was legalized between blacks and whites. The Supreme Court ruling in 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson, which separated facilities for whites and blacks were constitutional, encouraged the passage of discriminatory laws that wiped out the gains made by blacks during Reconstruction. Railways and streetcars, public waiting rooms, restaurants, boardinghouses, theaters, and public parks were segregated; separate schools, hospitals, and other public institutions, generally of inferior quality, were designated for blacks. A march in Washington D.C. by over 200,000 in 1963 dramatized the movement to end Jim Crow Laws. Southern whites often responded with violence, and federal troops were needed to preserve order and protect blacks, notably at Little Rock, Ark. (1957), Oxford, Miss. (1962), and Selma, Ala. (1965). All they were trying to do is delay the inevitable, because they eventually came out with The Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968 that finally ended the legal sanctions to Jim Crow. Monetary Discrimination How rich or poor someone or some group may be, all have civil rights and the option of making claims of discrimination and demanding government redress of our grievances. While poverty is frequently the result of discrimination, the presence of poverty is not a test for whether any group may enjoy civil rights. Not all people of color are poor. The proportion of African Americans families with incomes over $50,000 increased over the last two decades from 10.0 to 13.8 percent. While the total number of African American families earning more than $50,000 has increased, the median income for Blacks overall has decreased since the 1970s. These statistics are indicative of the lack of real civil rights protection and enforcement in the 1970s and 80s. Ending Clause Over this period there has been a rapid erosion of the gains of the civil rights movement. The history of racism and the struggle for civil equality of people of color in the United States is far broader and more complex than can be covered in this brief overview. It is critical that we come to understand this history and its impact on contemporary society in order to effectively understand what is going on in society, and as one of the goals a return to the traditional values of openly expressed and overtly institutionalized racism. In short, the concept of race in the American context is a socially constructed system for placing people in a hierarchical structure of social and economic relations. There is nothing innate or natural about race. It is simply not enough for us to honor diversity. We must recognize that we are the products of a history steeped in racism and sexism. Rather than simply honoring diversity we must build democracy. 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Piute Indians essays

Piute Indians essays The Paiutes, or Piutes (pronounced PIE-oot), included many different bands, spread out over a vast region. They are recognized as some of the North American Indian tribes. They are usually organized into two groups for study: the Northern Paiutes and the Southern Paiutes. The northern branch occupied territory that is now northwestern Nevada, southeastern Oregon, southwestern Idaho, and northeastern California. The southern branch lived in territory now part of western Utah, southern Nevada, northwestern Arizona, and southeastern California. The Northern and Southern Paiutes spoke varying dialects of the Uto-Aztecan language family, related to the Shoshone dialect. The name Paiute is thought to mean true Ute or Water Ute, also indicating and ancestral relationship with the Ute Indians of Utah. The Paiute, are one of the best-known peoples of the Intermountain Great Basin area. Some Paiutes were nomadic, moving from place to place in search of game and wild plant foods. For the Paiute bands, their activities and whereabouts in the course of a year were dictated by the availability of food. They traveled a great deal, constructing temporary huts of brush and reeds strewn over willow poles, known as wickiups, which were similar to Apache dwellings. The first plant food available in the springtime was the cattail growing in marsh ponds. The Indians ate the shoots raw. Other wild plant foodsroots and greenssoon followed. Spring was also a good time to hunt ducks in ponds on the birds migration northward, and, in the highlands to the north the Great Basin, to fish the rivers and streams during annual spawning runs. In summertime, many more wild plant foods ripened, such as berries and rice grass. The Indians ground the seeds of the latter into meal. In the autumn, the primary food was pine nuts. The Indians collected them from pinon trees growing on the hills and plateaus rising above the...

Conclusion of Logoplaste's Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conclusion of Logoplaste's Business Plan - Essay Example T analysis to analyse the micro and macroeconomic environment of the Logoplaste company with a view to determining the strategic option which can help secure the near and longterm future of the company. Logoplaste should direct its efforts at increasing its growth rate. This can be achieved by targeting local firms functioning in the current markets more aggressively and by securing the growth through propagation into new markets. Different measures are needed to be taken to put these actions into practice. These actions include but are not limited to conducting regular workshops and meetings to gain the perspectives and opinions of the staff members, contemplation of a growth strategy, conducting market analysis in the foreign economies where the company intends to expand, and investing in new technologies. Taking the proposed measures would help Logoplaste achieve the desired change in the long-term. Nevertheless, the company needs to conduct a thorough risk analysis before expanding internationally to maximize its chances of success. Earlier identification and targeting of the risks and taking appropriate measures to mitigate them is fundamental to successful expansion in foreign countries where the company has not done business before. In conclusion, Logoplaste is a very successful company and has all the potential and resources to grow internationally. In this age of globalization, a company cannot gain global recognition without expanding internationally and enlarging its consumer base across nations and geographic boundaries. It is anticipated that if Logoplaste places emphasis on the aforementioned actions in the report, it would not take the company long to position itself among the most successful global corporations and take its profitability to new

Toward Stronger Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toward Stronger Marketing - Essay Example After the dismal initial performance of the brew, Lang was invited to lead the Nespresso team. Lang was highly motivated and creative in its approach and favored aggressive marketing techniques. He believed that the core business strategy of any business heavily relies on new products and innovative market strategy that facilitates in creating a niche market for their products and services. He used various marketing metrics to explore and exploit new markets. The marketing initiatives for Nespresso can be broadly described as follows. The compulsions of the rapidly transforming societal paradigms and technological advancements are important factors that require more comprehensive and innovative approach to market strategy. Strategic marketing plans are a crucial part of promoting products and services of an organization and establish market credibility. An effective market strategy promotes the use of SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats) analysis on a periodic basis. The awareness of strengths and weaknesses in the company’s resources would help to act timely and efficiently so that opportunities and threats can be effectively met to provide a competitive edge to their rivals. Consumer psychology and analysis of a database of customers are an important part of a market strategy which helps one to know the changing preferences of the customers in the rapidly changing times. Analysis and identification of the changing trends of the customer requirements are important ingredients to gain leverage against their rivals. The market strategy should be totally focused on the needs and requirements of the people and make continuous efforts to update its products line with that of the changing public demands. Understanding of consumer psychology, therefore, plays a vital role in the development of marketing strategy and planning.